Value engineering for canal tail irrigation water problem

Microbiological irrigation water quality of the Marchfeld canal system.

The Marchfeld basin with a size of approximately 1000 km2 represents the Austrian "granary". To prevent shortage of water as a result of increased ground water removal for irrigation, industrial purposes and drinking water supply, a canal being 18 km in length was constructed from the Danube to the center of the Marchfeld. From there, water is further distributed via two creeks (Russbach and St...

Economic and Social Value of Irrigation Water: Implications for Sustainability

The economic value of irrigation water was determined through Contingency Valuation Method and Crop-Water Production function during wet and dry season of paddy cultivation. Factors namely, area under rice and water requirement influenced the willingness to pay for water by farmers. Social values of farmers’ over water were found to be high. The comparison of the economic value of water estimat...

Root Canal Irrigation

Irrigation is probably the most underrated procedure in Endodontic therapy. While most articles or presentations spend a great deal of time on shaping procedures, not much emphasis is given for irrigation. This has led to a great deal of confusion on the type of irrigant, the protocol and the method of use. The purpose of this article is to discuss root canal irrigants, irrigation techniques an...

Irrigation District Canal Automation - Cardd

The first rule regarding irrigation district canal automation is that there is no single "best" method of automation. As an example, the cost of automating a small lateral structure with a computerized gate is similar to the cost of automating a regulating gate on a large canal, although the respective justifiable budgets may be $1000 versus $100,000 per structure. The locations of buffer reser...

Water front study for spot irrigation